Castle moats are often remembered for their defensive function, but in medieval times, they served another, less glamorous purpose acting as a part of the castle’s sewage system. Without modern plumbing, castles like Bodiam Castle in England used their moats to dispose of waste, with toilets called “garderobes” emptying directly into the water. This unconventional method of waste management was crucial for maintaining some semblance of hygiene within the castle walls.

The Garderobe and the Moat System
The garderobe was the medieval equivalent of a toilet. Located within the castle, it was a small, simple room where people relieved themselves. The waste would drop directly into the moat through a chute or hole in the floor. At Bodiam Castle, 28 garderobes emptied into the same moat, creating a foul but effective waste disposal system.

How the System Worked
The moat acted as a crude form of waste management. The moving water, replenished by rainfall or nearby rivers, helped dilute the waste, preventing it from becoming too concentrated. While the water became contaminated, the large size of the moat and constant flow helped carry away the waste, ensuring that the castle’s inner living areas remained free from unpleasant odors.
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The Moat The First Line of Defense of a Medieval Castle
This practice, though unsanitary by modern standards, was one of the only viable methods available at the time. It also served a secondary purpose: the foul smell of the moat acted as a deterrent to potential invaders, making the castle less inviting.
A Practical Solution in a Time of Limited Resources
In an age without indoor plumbing, medieval castles had to be resourceful. The use of moats for sewage may not have been ideal, but it was an effective solution in the absence of modern sanitation. The presence of waste in the moat, while unpleasant, ensured that the living spaces inside the castle were somewhat clean and habitable.
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Conclusion: Ingenious Solutions in the Middle Ages
Though we may not often consider the role of moats in medieval hygiene, their dual purpose as both a defense mechanism and waste disposal system highlights the resourcefulness of the time. Today, we have advanced plumbing systems, but in the Middle Ages, the moat served as an innovative, if imperfect, way to manage waste and protect the castle.
